The suspension bridge configuration of Verrucosa arenata, with bowing flagelliform fibres and extending glycoprotein dropletsĪn orb web supports the elastic capture thread with stiffer major ampullate silk that radiates from the centre of the web and in many species is responsible for absorbing the kinetic energy of prey impact (Blackledge & Hayashi, 2006 Sensenig et al., 2010, 2012 Swanson et al., 2006). (b) a view of the capture spiral thread, showing the evenly spaced ellipsoid droplets of Neoscona crucifera. In each case these adhesives are widely distributed, allowing them to ‘sit and wait’ for prey (Blackledge et al., 2011 Uetz et al., 1978).Īraneoid capture thread: (a) flattened droplet of Argiope aurantia revealing its glycoprotein core. Sundews use sticky droplets on their leaves for this purpose (Huang et al., 2015 Olivencia et al., 1995) and araneoid orb weaving spiders use capture threads comprised of tiny glue droplets supported by extensible flagelliform fibres to retain insects that strike a web (Figure 1) (Opell, Clouse, & Andrews, 2018 Sahni et al., 2010). Other organisms use viscous adhesives that remain pliable to capture prey. In contrast, the bioadhesives that attach barnacles and mussels to wet and salt‐encrusted surfaces harden rapidly and permanently (Dickinson et al., 2009 Waite, 2017). Arboreal leaf‐cutter ants that carry heavy loads as they climb in the forest canopy rely on adhesive tarsi and the tube feet of sea urchins allow these animals to resist strong underwater currents as they move (Santos et al., 2009 Stark et al., 2019). Natural adhesives can facilitate locomotion or permanently attach animals. By shaping the elastic moduli of glycoprotein adhesive and flagelliform fibres, natural selection has maintained the biomechanical integration of this adhesive system. This analysis revealed that glycoprotein stiffness (elastic modulus) was correlated with flagelliform fibre stiffness, and that spider mass was related to the glycoprotein volume, flagelliform fibre cross‐sectional area and droplets per unit thread length. We extend earlier studies to examine these relationships in 16 orb weaving species using phylogenetic generalized least squares. Previous studies have linked spider mass to capture thread performance but have not examined the relationship between spider mass and thread material properties. Spider mass, which differs greatly across orb weaving species, also has the potential to affect flagelliform fibre and glycoprotein material properties. While the interdependence of the droplet's glycoprotein and flagelliform fibres for functional adhesion is acknowledged, there has been no direct test of this hypothesized linkage between the material properties of each component. However, prey retention relies on the integrated performance of multiple glue droplets and their supporting fibres, with previous studies demonstrating that a suspension bridge forms, whose biomechanics sum the adhesive forces of multiple droplets while dissipating the energy of the struggling insect. Each droplet contains a glycoprotein core responsible for adhesion. This is accomplished by a viscous capture spiral thread that features tiny glue droplets, supported by a pair of elastic flagelliform fibres. Original Glue buds have oversized fluffy olive green popcorn-shaped nugs with long thin amber hairs and a coating of thick frosty bright white crystal trichomes.Orb weaving spiders employ a ‘silken toolkit’ to accomplish a range of tasks, including retaining prey that strike their webs. The aroma is very heavy and pungent with a dank diesel overtone accented by mocha and spices. This bud has a chemical diesel flavor with a rich chocolately exhale that tastes slightly of earth. With these hard-hitting effects and its super high 32% average THC level, Original Glue is said to be perfect for treating conditions such as chronic pain, depression, insomnia, and muscle spasms or tremors. This state of calm quickly turns sedative, immediately gluing you to anywhere you happen to be sitting for hours on end without relief. As your negative or racing thoughts quickly fade away, your body will drop off into a state of deep physical relaxation. The high has a slowly building onset, first hitting you in the mind with a lifted sense of euphoria. Known for its body-melting effects, Original Glue is perfect for kicking back on those nights when rest just won't come easily. Original Glue, once known as “ Gorilla Glue #4,” is an indica dominant hybrid strain (63% indica/37% sativa) created through crossing the infamous Chem's Sister X Sour Dubb X Chocolate Diesel strains. Indica Dominant Hybrid - 63% Indica / 37% Sativa THC:
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